Abstract Background The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has become a powerful tool for functional genomics in plants. The RNA-guided nuclease can be used to not only generate precise genomic mutations. but also to manipulate gene expression when present as a deactivated protein (dCas9). Results In this study. https://www.roneverhart.com/Eugenia-Spiral-Topiary/